BACKGROUND
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs） are nuclear hormone
receptors that can be activated by a variety of compounds including fibratus,
thiazolidinediones, prostaglandins and fatty acids. Three PPAR subtypes,
designated PPARα, PPARβ （also designated PPARδ） and PPARγ, have been
described. PPARs promote transcription by forming heterodimers with members
of the retinoid X receptor （RXR） family of steroid receptors and binding
to specific DNA motifs termed PPAR-response elements （PPREs）. PPARα is
abundant in primary hepatocytes where it regulates the expression of proteins
involved in fatty acid metabolism. PPARβ is the most widely distributed
subtype and is often expressed at high levels. PPARγ is predominantly
seen in adipose tissue where it plays a critical role in regulating adipocyte
differentiation. Interestingly, both the orphan nuclear hormone receptor
LXRα and thyroid receptor （TR） have been shown to act as antagonists of
PPARα/RXRα binding to PPREs.
CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION
Genetic locus: PPARa （human） mapping to 17p11.2; Ppara （mouse） mapping
to 15E2.
SOURCE
PPARα （N-19） is an affinity purified goat polyclonal antibody raised against
a peptide mapping at the N-terminus of PPARα of human origin.
PRODUCT
Each vial contains 200 μg IgG in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide
and 0.1% gelatin.
Blocking peptide available for competition studies, sc-1985 P, （100 μg peptide
in 0.5 ml PBS containing < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.2% BSA）.
Available as TransCruz reagent for Gel Supershift and ChIP applications,
sc-1985 X, 200 μg/0.1 ml.
APPLICATIONS
PPARα （N-19） is recommended for detection of PPARα of mouse, rat and
human origin by Western Blotting （starting dilution 1:200, dilution range
1:100-1:1000）, immunoprecipitation [1-2 μg per 100-500 μg of total protein
（1 ml of cell lysate）], immunofluorescence （starting dilution 1:50, dilution
range 1:50-1:500） and solid phase ELISA （starting dilution 1:30, dilution
range 1:30-1:3000）.
Suitable for use as control antibody for PPARα siRNA （h）: sc-36307, PPARα
siRNA （m）: sc-36308, PPARα shRNA Plasmid （h）: sc-36307-SH, PPARα
shRNA Plasmid （m）: sc-36308-SH, PPARα shRNA （h） Lentiviral Particles:
sc-36307-V and PPARα shRNA （m） Lentiviral Particles: sc-36308-V.
PPARα （N-19） X TransCruz antibody is recommended for Gel Supershift and
ChIP applications.
Molecular Weight of PPARα: 55 kDa.
Positive Controls: Hep G2 cell lysate: sc-2227 or PPARα （h2）: 293T Lysate:
sc-129532.
STORAGE
Store at 4° C, **DO NOT FREEZE**. Stable for one year from the date of
shipment. Non-hazardous. No MSDS required.
DATA
SELECT PRODUCT CITATIONS
1. Xin, X., et al. 1999. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Y ligands
are potent Inhibitors of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem.
274: 9116-9121.
2. Bishop-Bailey, D., et al. 1999. Endothelial cell apoptosis induced by the
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） ligand 15-deoxy-δ 12,
14-prostaglandin J2. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 17042-17048.
3. Barbera, M.J., et al. 2001. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptor a
activates transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein-1 Gene. A link
between regulation fo the thermogenic and lipid oxidation pathways in
the brown fat cell. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 1486-1493.
4. Huss, J., et al. 2001. Hypoxia inhibits the peroxisome proliferatoractivated
receptor α/retinoid X receptor gene regulatory pathway in
cardiac myocytes: a mechanism for O2-dependent modulation of mitochondrial
fatty acid oxidation. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 27605-27612.
5. Cernuda-Morollon, E., et al. 2002. PPAR agonists amplify iNOS expression
while inhibiting NFκB: implications for mesangial cell activation by
cytokines. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13: 2223-2231.
6. Jung, D., et al. 2002. Human apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
gene （SLC10A2） is regulated by the peroxisome proliferatoractivated
receptor α. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 30559-30566.
7. Francois, M. 2004. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ downregulates
chondrocyte matrix metalloproteinase-1 via a novel composite
element. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 28411-28418.
8. Orfila, C., et al. 2005. Immunohistochemical distribution of activated
nuclear factor κB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in
carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats. Histochem. Cell
Biol. 123: 585-593.
RESEARCH USE
For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures.